Concussão e MMA

J Neurol Sci. 2011 Aug 15. [Epub ahead of print]

The King-Devick test and sports-related concussion: Study of a rapid visual screening tool in a collegiate cohort.

Galetta KM, Brandes LE, Maki K, Dziemianowicz MS, Laudano E, Allen M, Lawler K, Sennett B, Wiebe D, Devick S, Messner LV, Galetta SL, Balcer LJ.

Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Concussion, defined as an impulse blow to the head or body resulting in transient neurologic signs or symptoms, has received increasing attention in sports at all levels. The King-Devick (K-D) test is based on the time to perform rapid number naming and captures eye movements and other correlates of suboptimal brain function. In a study of boxers and mixed martial arts (MMA) fighters, the K-D test was shown to have high degrees of test-retest and inter-rater reliability and to be an accurate method for rapidly identifying boxers and mixed martial arts fighters with concussion. We performed a study of the K-D test as a rapid sideline screening tool in collegiate athletes to determine the effect of concussion on K-D scores compared to a pre-season baseline.
METHODS: In this longitudinal study, athletes from the University of Pennsylvania varsity football, sprint football, and women's and men's soccer and basketball teams underwent baseline K-D testing prior to the start of the 2010-11 playing season. Post-season testing was also performed. For athletes who had concussions during the season, K-D testing was administered immediately on the sidelines and changes in score from baseline were determined.
RESULTS: Among 219 athletes tested at baseline, post-season K-D scores were lower (better) than the best pre-season scores (35.1 vs. 37.9s, P=0.03, Wilcoxon signed-rank test), reflecting mild learning effects in the absence of concussion. For the 10 athletes who had concussions, K-D testing on the sidelines showed significant worsening from baseline (46.9 vs. 37.0s, P=0.009), with all except one athlete demonstrating worsening from baseline (median 5.9s).
CONCLUSION: This study of collegiate athletes provides initial evidence in support of the K-D test as a strong candidate rapid sideline visual screening tool for concussion. Data show worsening of scores following concussion, and ongoing follow-up in this study with additional concussion events and different athlete populations will further examine the effectiveness of the K-D test.

Treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade aplicado a lutadores de wrestling

Embora o protocolo adicional não seja específico, o estudo é interessante.

J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Aug 16. [Epub ahead of print]


Physiological and Performance Changes From The Addition of a Sprint Interval Program to Wrestling Training.

Farzad B, Gharakhanlou R, Agha-Alinejad H, Curby DG, Bayati M, Bahraminejad M, Mäestu J.

Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, School of Humanity Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; 2Overtime School of Wrestling, Naperville, Illinois; 3Physical Fitness Assessment and Improvement Center, National Olympic and Paralympic Academy, Tehran, Iran; and 4Institute of Sport Pedagogy and Coaching Sciences, Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.

Abstract
Farzad, B, Gharakhanlou, R, Agha-Alinejad, H, Curby, DG, Bayati, M, Bahraminejad, M, and Mäestu, J. Physiological and performance changes from the addition of a sprint-interval program to wrestling training. J Strength Cond Res 25(9): 2392-2399, 2011-Increasing the level of physical fitness for competition is the primary goal of any conditioning program for wrestlers. Wrestlers often need to peak for competitions several times over an annual training cycle. Additionally, the scheduling of these competitions does not always match an ideal periodization plan and may require a modified training program to achieve a high level of competitive fitness in a short-time frame. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 4 weeks of sprint-interval training (SIT) program, on selected aerobic and anaerobic performance indices, and hormonal and hematological adaptations, when added to the traditional Iranian training of wrestlers in their preseason phase. Fifteen trained wrestlers were assigned to either an experimental (EXP) or a control (CON) group. Both groups followed a traditional preparation phase consisting of learning and drilling technique, live wrestling and weight training for 4 weeks. In addition, the EXP group performed a running-based SIT protocol. The SIT consisted of 6 35-m sprints at maximum effort with a 10-second recovery between each sprint. The SIT protocol was performed in 2 sessions per week, for the 4 weeks of the study. Before and after the 4-week training program, pre and posttesting was performed on each subject on the following: a graded exercise test (GXT) to determine VO2max, the velocity associated with VO2max (νVO2max), maximal ventilation, and peak oxygen pulse; a time to exhaustion test (Tmax) at their νVO2max; and 4 successive Wingate tests with a 4-minute recovery between each trial for the determination of peak and mean power output (PPO, MPO). Resting blood samples were also collected at the beginning of each pre and posttesting period, before and after the 4-week training program. The EXP group showed significant improvements in VO2max (+5.4%), peak oxygen pulse (+7.7%) and Tmax (+32.2%) compared with pretesting. The EXP group produced significant increases in PPO and MPO during the Wingate testing compared with pretesting (p < 0.05). After the 4-week training program, total testosterone and the total testosterone/cortisol ratio increased significantly in the EXP group, whereas cortisol tended to decrease (p = 0.06). The current findings indicate that the addition of an SIT program with short recovery can improve both aerobic and anaerobic performances in trained wrestlers during the preseason phase. The hormonal changes seen suggest training-induced anabolic adaptations.

Como as pessoas se veem na Ciência; perspectiva interessante : )

Artigo no prelo do Leonardo entre os 10 mais acessados na Science and Sports de abril a junho de 2011

Artigo da Detanico aparece entre os 20 mais acessados

http://top25.sciencedirect.com/subject/medicine-and-dentistry/17/journal/science-sports/07651597/archive/33

Flash mob em Guarulhos

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JTDA2PJ_sTU&feature=player_embedded

MMA: significados

Social and Cultural Geography

Volume 12, Issue 4, June 2011, Pages 378-396
It hurts so it is real: Sensing the seduction of mixed martial arts

Green, K.

Department of Sociology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 909 Social Sciences, 267 19th Ave S, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States

Abstract



This paper explores the seduction of pain within the increasingly popular practice of mixed martial arts. It is based on a three-year ethnographic study of training schools in Minnesota. Within these sites, often-affluent men train their bodies in combat skills, learning to strike and grapple, while building a community around the shared exchange of pain. The drive is often explained with a variation of the statement: 'I do this because you don't know who you are ... you don't feel aliv ... until you get hit.' This paper contributes to the growing body of geographic literature centered on practice and affect. Within this approach, there has been little appreciation of physical and violent encounters. Appreciation of the role of pain shifts focus to the moment when the body retreats in upon itself, becoming a united mass of flesh and nerves. I suggest that pain attracts participants through serving three purposes within these fightbased schools: (1) it provides confidence that the experience is 'real'; (2) it is itself an avenue to encounter the body as a united 'self' with clear limits and boundaries; (3) it establishes intimacy between participants, which is necessary for the formation of community within each site.

Estrutura temporal de lutas de judô para cegos

J Sports Sci. 2011 Aug 11. [Epub ahead of print]


The temporal structure of judo bouts in visually impaired men and women.

Gutiérrez-Santiago A, Prieto I, Camerino O, Anguera T.

Faculty of Education and Sport , University of Vigo , Pontevedra , Spain.

Abstract
Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the temporal structure of judo bouts in visually impaired men and women (n = 117 judokas in the senior category; 92 men and 25 women). We developed a data recording system based on the temporal parameters of judo and applied it to a broad sample of international bouts (n = 219; 184 between men and 35 between women). The descriptive analysis of frequency of occurrence revealed that most of the bouts ended before the time-up bell sounded (81% men/74% women). Other defining features are shown in the following mean values (for men/women): the total bout time was 266/242 s; the total time paused was 158/172 s; the total time spent in standing combat was 82/54 s (P = 0.008), while that of floor combat was 60/84 s (P = 0.021); each bout had 6.9/5.7 paused sequences with a duration of 19.6/21.1 s, and 12.4/11.7 active sequences with a duration of 22/19.7 s. The sequential analysis by means of T-patterns (THEME) confirmed that the temporal structure of judo is not the same for men and women, thereby highlighting the need for a range of training methods matched to the needs of visually impaired competitors.