Determinantes psicológicos do rendimento de esgrimistas

SELECTED PSYCHOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF SPORTS RESULTS
IN SENIOR FENCERS
MACIEJ TOMCZAK*, MAŁGORZATA WALCZAK, GRZEGORZ BRĘCZEWSKI
University School of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
AbSTrAcT
Purpose. The aim of the present study was to determine the correlations between the strength of the stimulation process,  mobility of nervous processes, achievement motivation and sports results of fencers in the senior age category. Methods. The sample was comprised of 38 senior fencers (19 men and 19 women) aged 21–32 years. The strength of the stimulation process and mobility of nervous processes were assessed with the Strelau and Zawadzki PTS inventory. The subjects’ achievement mo­ tivation was measured with the achievement motivation questionnaire by Widerszal­bazyl. Results. The study revealed that  senior fencers (women, in particular) featured higher mean levels of the examined psychological determinants, i.e., strength
of the stimulation process, mobility of nervous processes and achievement motivation than the general population in the same age range. Strong and statistically significant correlations were found between all the studied psychological determinants and sports results among the male fencers in the sample. In the group of female fencers none of the correlations were statistically significant. Conclusions. The results might provoke reflection on the role of coaches and, consequently, may have implications for the cooperation between coaches and athletes, indicating that the individual psychological differences of fencers should be considered during training. The coach may also decide on the necessity for considering on the reported diversification within the gender or age domain, and the need to consider such psychological properties as temperamental characteristics or the level of achievement motivation.

Key words: psychology, temperamental features, achievement motivation, fencing

Análise das técnicas utilizadas na luta greco-romana em Londres 2012

http://www.luchamx.org/index/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=60&catid=19&Itemid=4%E2%80%8F

Uso de atividades motoras complexas no treinamento de boxeadores jovens

Technical performance effectiveness subsequent to complex motor skills training in young boxers

DOI:

10.1080/17461391.2011.606976

Said El Ashker^a*

pages 475-484

Received: 07 Apr 2011
Accepted: 05 Jun 2011
Version of record first published: 01 Nov 2011

Article Views: 47

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Abstract

Boxing is a sport that comprises a wide variety of integrated offensive, defensive and counter-attack skills performed in an unpredictable environment. Mastering the variety of complex motor skills (CMS) that are required in a boxing match allows the player to employ the best motor performance in most positions of the actual game. This study aimed to assess the associations between implementing CMS versus simple motor skill (SMS) training and the subsequent changes in physical, technical and technical performance effectiveness (TPE) variables in junior boxers. We employed an experimental design that comprised two groups (each 20 males, mean age = 15.22±0.62 years). For 12 weeks, intervention boxers received CMS training, while controls received traditional SMS training. Physical, technical and TPE variables were measured before and after the training programs. Although the two groups were of similar abilities at baseline, there were statistically significant differences (P<0 .05=".05" abilities="abilities" absolute="absolute" across="across" advantage="advantage" and="and" better="better" between="between" boxers="boxers" cms="cms" contribute="contribute" control="control" could="could" developing="developing" differences="differences" enhance="enhance" exhibited="exhibited" favourable="favourable" group.="group." group="group" i.e.="i.e." improvements="improvements" in="in" intervention="intervention" junior="junior" measures="measures" more="more" of="of" or="or" p="p" performance.="performance." physical="physical" positively="positively" post="post" ratios="ratios" relative="relative" technical="technical" terms="terms" the="the" their="their" to="to" tpe.="tpe." values="values" variables="variables">

Karate e controle postural

Is karate effective in improving postural control? Davide Filingeri 1, Antonino Bianco 2, Daniele Zangla 3, Antonio Paoli 4, Antonio Palma 5 1 - Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, Loughborough University, UK 2 - Department of Sports Science (DISMOT), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy | School of Sport, CONI Sicilia, Palermo, Italy  3 - Department of Sports Science (DISMOT), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy 4 - Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Physiology Section, Padova, Italy 5 - Department of Sports Science (DISMOT), University of Palermo, Palermo | School of Sport, CONI Sicilia, Palermo, Italy  Arch Budo 2012; 8(4): Manuscript ID: 883521

Article type: Review article

Abstract provided by Publisher

Background and Study Aim: Performing complex motor skills, such as the ones performed by karate athletes, requires a great sense of balance. Because the posturo-kinetic performance seems to be improved by sport practice, especially by sports involving a lot of posturokinetic activities, the aim of this review was to critically analyse the scientific literature in order to appraise whether any positive correlation between karate and improved postural control is scientifically supported. Material and Methods: The online search engines Scirus and Medline were used for generating the data. A comprehensive literature search was conducted based on the following keywords: “karate”, “postural control” and “body sway”. Results were collected and filtered manually. Results: Four articles were identified related to karate practice and postural control, covering a period between 1998 and 2009. Although different experimental approaches were used to investigate this concept, overall the results of these studies confirm the effectiveness of karate in improving postural control. Conclusions: Practicing karate seems to elicit long term improvements in postural control. However, a much deeper approach to this fighting sport, which would take into account its technical specificities (e.g. kata & kumite), is required in order to increase our understanding of the posture-kinetic impact of this relatively unexplored sport activity.

Suplementação de arginina em lutadores de BJJ

J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2012 Jun 26;9(1):30. [Epub ahead of print]

A sportomics strategy to analyze the ability of arginine to modulate both ammonia and lymphocyte levels in blood after high-intensity exercise.

Gonçalves LC, Bessa A, Freitas-Dias R, Luzes R, Werneck-de-Castro JP, Bassini A, Cameron L.

Abstract

ABSTRACT:

BACKGROUND: Exercise is an excellent tool to study the interactions between metabolic stress and the immune system. Specifically, high-intensity exercises both produce transient hyperammonemia and influence the distribution of white blood cells. Carbohydrates and glutamine and arginine supplementation were previously shown to effectively modulate ammonia levels during exercise. In this study, we used a short-duration, high-intensity exercise together with a low carbohydrate diet to induce a hyperammonemia state and better understand how arginine influences both ammonemia and the distribution of leukocytes in the blood.

METHODS:

Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu practitioners (men, n = 39) volunteered for this study. The subjects followed a low-carbohydrate diet for four days before the trials and received either arginine supplementation (100 mg.kg-1 of body mass.day-1) or a placebo. The intergroup statistical significance was calculated by a one-way analysis of variance, followed by Student's t-test. The data correlations were calculated using Pearson's test.

RESULTS:

In the control group, ammonemia increased during matches at almost twice the rate of the arginine group (25 mmol.L-1.min-1 and 13 mumol.L-1.min-1, respectively). Exercise induced an increase in leukocytes of approximately 75%. An even greater difference was observed in the lymphocyte count, which increased 2.2-fold in the control group; this increase was partially prevented by arginine supplementation. The shape of the ammonemia curve suggests that arginine helps prevent increases in ammonia levels.

CONCLUSIONS:

These data indicate that increases in lymphocytes and ammonia are simultaneously reduced by arginine supplementation. We propose that increased serum lymphocytes could be related to changes in ammonemia and ammonia metabolism.

Doenças infecciosas em esportes competitivos

J Athl Train. 2012;47(5):516-8. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-47.5.02.

Infectious disease outbreaks in competitive sports, 2005-2010.

Collins CJ, O'Connell B.

Source

Central Pathology Laboratory, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Dublin, 8, Ireland. collinc6@tcd.ie.

Abstract

CONTEXT:

Old, evolving, and new infectious agents continually threaten the participation of competitors in sports.

OBJECTIVE:

To provide an update of the medical literature on infectious disease outbreaks in sport for the last 5 years (May 2005-November 2010). Main Outcome Measure(s): A total of 21 outbreaks or clusters were identified.

RESULTS:

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (n = 7, 33%; mainly community acquired) and tinea (trichophytosis: n = 6, 29%) were the most common pathogens responsible for outbreaks. Skin and soft tissue was the most common site of infection (n = 15, 71%).

CONCLUSIONS:

The majority of outbreaks reported occurred in close-contact sports, mainly combat sports (ie, wrestling, judo) and American football. Twelve outbreaks (57%) involved high school or collegiate competitors. Common community outbreak pathogens, such as influenza virus and norovirus, have received little attention.

Antropometria de atletas de TKD

Differences in body components and the significance of rehabilitation for taekwondo athletes compared to nonathletes

Won-Deok Lee, Lim-Kyu Lee, Bokyung Kim and Junghwan Kim

TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES

Volume 4, Number 3 (2012), 203-208, DOI: 10.1007/s13530-012-0137-2

Abstract

It is well known that the difference in individual characteristics showed between somatotypes and body components. However, few studies have investigated differences in body components and gender in taekwondo athletes compared to nonathletes. The present study is to analyze the body components and skin-fold thickness of taekwondo athletes compared to nonathletes, and to contribute to current research on rehabilitation and its application and significance. The fat body mass and impedance were significantly decreased in the taekwondo athlete compared with the nonathletic groups. The same values of the men group showed significantly greater decreases than those of the women in both the nonathlete and taekwondo groups. But, the lean body mass, basal metabolic rate (BMR), and total body water were significantly increased in the taekwondo athlete compared with the nonathletic groups. In terms of gender, the values of the men in both the nonathlete and taekwondo groups showed significantly greater increases than those of the women of both groups. However, there were no significant differences between the men and women skin-fold thickness data for all participants. Therefore, these results, in part, found that there was a difference in body components between taekwondo athletes and nonathletes. Also, when applying physical stimuli such as electrotherapy, ultrasound, and heat, the body components of each patient for healthy life need to be carefully considered.