Mortalidade entre boxeadores

Mortality Resulting From Head Injury in Professional Boxing

Baird LC (Baird, Lissa C.)1, Newman CB (Newman, C. Benjamin)1, Volk H (Volk, Hunter)1, Svinth JR (Svinth, Joseph R.)2, Conklin J (Conklin, Jordan)2, Levy ML (Levy, Michael L.)1
NEUROSURGERY Volume: 67 Issue: 5 Pages: 1444-1450 Published: NOV 2010
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: The majority of boxing-related fatalities result from traumatic brain injury. Biomechanical forces in boxing result in rotational acceleration with resultant subdural hematoma and diffuse axonal injury.
OBJECTIVE: Given the inherent risk and the ongoing criticism boxing has received, we evaluated mortalities associated with professional boxing.
METHODS: We used the Velaquez Fatality Collection of boxing injuries and supplementary sources to analyze mortality from 1950 to 2007. Variables evaluated included age at time of death, association with knockout or other outcome of match, rounds fought, weight class, location of fight, and location of pretermial event.
RESULTS: There were 339 mortalities between 1950 and 2007 (mean age, 24 +/- 3.8 years); 64% were associated with knockout and 15% with technical knockout. A higher percentage occured in the lower weight classes. The preterminal event occured in the ring (61%), in the locker room (17%), and outside the arena (22%), We evaluated for significant changes after 1983 when championship bouts were reduced from 15 to 12 rounds.
CONCLUSION: There was a significant decline in mortality after 1983. We found no significant variables to support that this decline is related to a reduction in rounds. Rather, we hypothesize the decline to be the result of a reduction in exposure to repetitive head trauma (shorter careers and fewer fights), along with increased medical oversight and stricter safety regulations. Increased efforts should be made to improve medical supervisions of boxers. Mandatory central nervous system imaging after a knockout could lead to a significant reduction in associated mortality.

Trauma cultural, injustiça e prática de wrestling

Mexican Wrestling: Its Compensatory Function in Relation to Cultural Trauma

Lopez VM (Lopez G, Victor Manuel)1
JUNG JOURNAL-CULTURE & PSYCHE Volume: 4 Issue: 4 Pages: 33-45 Published: FAL 2010
Abstract: The invocation of pre-Hispanic mythological deities contributes the necessary element for wrestlers to endow themselves with magical, supernatural powers with which they seek to mend injustice and defeat evil. The theory of cultural complexes described by Kimbles (Singer and Kimbles 2004) suggests a way of understanding how cultural traumas still reverberate in the cultural unconscious of Mexicans. Mexican wrestling fulfills one very special function going beyond sports; its theatrical performances symbolically compensate for decades of deep-rooted injustices.

Controle do equilíbrio em karatekas

Control of balance during execution of the circular kick in karate (Mawashi geri)

Aschieri PL (Aschieri, P. L.)2, Baratto M (Baratto, M.), Cervera C (Cervera, C.), Gallamini M (Gallamini, M.), Lino A (Lino, A.)1, Navarra S (Navarra, S.)
MEDICINA DELLO SPORT Volume: 63 Issue: 2 Pages: 153-166 Published: JUN 2010
Abstract: The aim of this study was to test for differences in control of balance during the execution of the circular kick (mawashi geri) executed in two different ways. Twenty-two elite athletes in two karate specialties (kumite - sparring; kata - form) were asked to execute the preparatory phase of delivering the circular kick starting from the guard position and to maintain this position with eyes closed and the supporting leg (left and right) either stretched or slightly bent. Posturographic analysis confirmed greater efficiency/efficacy of the movement with the supporting leg slightly bent in all subjects and brought to light numerous other considerations.