Antropometria e resposta eletrolítica durante uma temporada competitiva de judô

Evolución antropométrica y electrolítica en un periodo competitivo en judokas de elite
Anthropometric and electrolytic progression in a competitive period in elite judokas
Raquel Hernández García1, Gema Torres Luque2, Raquel Escobar Molina3
1. Área de Formación e Investigación. Federación Extremeña de Judo y DA
2. Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal. Universidad de Jaén
3. Departamento de ciencias de la actividad física y del deporte. Universidad de Granada

Resumen
El objetivo es valorar los efectos de la bajada de peso a la que están sometidos los judokas antes de una competición,sobre los cambios homeostáticos a nivel de parámetros hematológicos y electrolitos plasmáticos, así como analizar la correlación existente entre estos parámetros. Se seleccionaron 7 judokas de elite (20,7±3,2 años de edad; 72,8±15,9 kg de peso corporal y con una talla de 170,8±10,3 cm), y se realizó una determinación de estos parámetros durante un periodo competitivo de 7 semanas de duración, realizando las siguientes pruebas: 6 semanas antes de la competición (P1), 5 días antes (P2), el día de la competición (P3) y dos días después de la misma (P4). Los resultados muestran un descenso estadísticamente significativo del peso corporal, el % de grasa y la masa residual de los judokas el mismo día de la competición. Así como un incremento significativo de linfocitos en P2, y una disminución significativa de hematíes, hemoglobina y hematocrito a lo largo del periodo competitivo. Sin embargo, los lectrolitos sodio y potasio no muestran cambios significativos durante el estudio, a pesar de que el cloro plasmático aumenta estadísticamente en P2 y P3. El peso corporal se relaciona
inversamente con los valores de hematocrito y con el sodio, y paralelamente con el potasio y el cloro plasmático. Esto indica que el descenso rápido de peso corporal en judokas antes de la competición trae consigo cambios hematológicos en el organismo del judokas, pero no trae consigo variaciones en los niveles de electrolitos plasmáticos, mostrando una adecuada regulación homeostática.

Respostas hormonais e desempenho em atletas de judô da classe júnior

PRE- AND POST-START HORMONE LEVELS IN BLOOD AS AN INDICATOR OF PSYCHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL LOAD WITH JUNIOR JUDO COMPETITORS - Hormone levels in blood
ZBIGNIEW OBMIŃSKI
Institute of Sport in Warsaw, Endocrinology Department
Abstract: The objective of the study was: (i) identification of pre-start and start stress with junior judo competitors, (ii) analysis of relationship between the hormonal status and the results. The objectives were attained by measurements in 7 judo competitors of cortisol (C) and testosterone (T) concentration in capillary blood taken in the morning on several dates: under neutral conditions (NC), 21 days before the Junior Judo European Championship (-21D), 4 days before the competition (-4D), on the start day, i.e. on the day of qualification fights (0D) and on the following day (RD). On the start day, with all the tested competitors there was a significantly higher level C (p < 0.05) in relation to the previous dates. In the tested group, on the morning of the start day one competitor had a lowered T level (5.1 nmol/L) and the highest C level in the group C (740 nmol/L) while average values with the other 6 tested competitors were 27.6 ± 8.1 and 598 ± 74 nmol/L for T and C respectively. The competitor with the temporary pre-start hyper-cortisolism and hypo-androgenism manifested lower mood before the start and during the only lost fight he displayed much passivity in relation to the opponent. On the other hand, the other competitors, including two medal winners, demonstrated offensive behaviour and determination during the competition. The results confirmed the known impact of pre-start stress on increased activity of the adrenal cortex and the significance of the appropriately high testosterone level as a condition for success. On the other hand, temporary inhibition of testosterone production as a result of pre-start stress with sportsmen has not been recorded in literature.

Motivação de atletas de judô, relação com treinadores e desempenho

Influence of coaches' autonomy support on athletes' motivation and sport performance: A test of the hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation..
Gillet, Nicolas1 nicolas.gillet@univ-tours.fr
Vallerand, Robert J.2
Amoura, Sofiane3
Baldes, Brice3.
Psychology of Sport & Exercise Mar2010, Vol. 11 Issue 2, p155-161.
Abstract: Objectives: Based on the hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation [Vallerand, R. J. (1997). Toward a hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (pp. 271–360). New York: Academic Press], the purpose of this study was to propose and test a model which posits that coaches'' autonomy support facilitates athletes'' self-determined motivation toward a sport activity (i.e., judo). Self-determined motivation promotes athletes'' situational self-determined motivation before a competition, that in turn, predicts their sport performance. Method: A total of 101 judokas completed questionnaires after the weighting session (i.e., between one and two hours before the beginning of the competitive event). Athletes'' objective performance during the competition was obtained via the French Judo Federation. Results: Results from structural equation modeling analyses provided support for the hypothesized model. These results are in accordance with self-determination theory and the hierarchical model. Conclusions: By showing that coaches'' autonomy support facilitates self-determined motivation and sport performance, the present findings have important implications for a better understanding of the determinants of athletes'' performance. Copyright &y& Elsevier.

1 Psychologie des Âges de la Vie, Université François Rabelais – Tours, France; 2 Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Comportement Social, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada; 3 Laboratoire de Psychologie Appliquée, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France