Tipo de superfície e impacto em movimento da esgrima

J Appl Biomech. 2012 Aug 22. [Epub ahead of print]

Influence of Surface on Impact Shock Experienced during a Fencing Lunge.

Greenhalgh A, Bottoms L, Sinclair J.

Source

School of Life Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sports surface on the magnitude of impact shock experienced during a lunge movement. Thirteen experienced, competitive fencers (age 32.4 ± 4.6 years; Height 178.4 ± 7.2 cm; Mass 74.4 ± 9.1 kg) performed ten lunges on four different surfaces: concrete with an overlaid vinyl layer (COVL); wooden sprung court surface (WSCS); metallic carpet fencing piste overlaid on the WSCS and: aluminium fencing piste overlaid on the WSCS. An accelerometer measured accelerations along the longitudinal axis of the tibia at 1000Hz. The results identified a significantly (P < 0.05) larger impact shock magnitude was experienced during a lunge on the COVL (14.88 ± 8.45g) compared to the WSCS (11.61 ± 7.30g), WSCS with metallic carpet piste (11.14 ± 6.38g) and WSCS with aluminium piste (11.95 ± 7.21g). Furthermore, the two types of piste used had no significant effect the impact shock magnitude measured when overlaid on the WSCS compared to the WSCS on its own. The results of this investigation suggest that occurrences of injuries related to increased levels of impact shock, may be reduced through the utilization of a WSCS as opposed to a COVL surface, during fencing participation.

Procurando artigos sobre estrangulamento, veja com o que me deparo : )

Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2012 Aug 23. [Epub ahead of print]

Three Nonlethal Ligature Strangulations Filmed by an Autoerotic Practitioner: Comparison of Early Agonal Responses in Strangulation by Ligature, Hanging, and Manual Strangulation.

Sauvageau A, Ambrosi C, Kelly S.

Source

From the *Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and †Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Jamaica, NY.

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Despite great advances in forensic sciences in the last decades, our knowledge of the pathophysiology of ligature strangulation is still largely based on old writings from the 19th and beginning of the 20th century. The study of filmed hangings by the Working Group on Human Asphyxia has contributed to a better understanding of the agonal responses to strangulation by hanging, and judo-related studies have given some insight into the pathophysiology of manual strangulation, but the pathophysiology of ligature strangulation has remained largely unexplored so far. Three nonlethal strangulations filmed by an autoerotic practitioner are here presented. In these 3 ligature strangulations, the 35-year-old man is sitting on a chair. A pair of pajama pants is rolled once around his neck, with the extremities of the pants falling down on each side of his chest. The man is pulling the extremities of the pants with both hands to apply compression on his neck. After losing consciousness, he ceases to pull on the ligature, and the pants slowly loosen around the neck. A few seconds later, he regains consciousness and gets up from the chair. In the 3 nonlethal ligature strangulations presented in this study, the loss of consciousness occurred in 11 seconds. The loss of consciousness was closely followed by the onset of convulsions (7-11 seconds). These results are compared with the early agonal responses documented in filmed hangings and judo studies.