MMA e violência juvenil

Violence Vict. 2012;27(1):43-69.


Epidemiology of mixed martial arts and youth violence in an ethnically diverse sample.

Hishinuma ES, Umemoto KN, Nguyen TG, Chang JY, Bautista RP.

Department of Psychiatry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i 96813, USA. hishinumae@dop.hawaii.edu


Abstract
Mixed martial arts' (MMAs) growing international popularity has rekindled the discussion on the advantages (e.g., exercise) and disadvantages (e.g., possible injury) of contact sports. This study was the first of its kind to examine the psychosocial aspects of MMA and youth violence using an epidemiologic approach with an Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) adolescent sample (N = 881). The results were consistent with the increased popularity of MMA with 52% (adolescent males = 73%, adolescent females = 39%) enjoying watching MMA and 24% (adolescent males = 39%, adolescent females = 13%) practicing professional fight moves with friends. Although statistically significant ethnic differences were found for the two MMA items on a bivariate level, these findings were not statistically significant when considering other variables in the model. The bivariate results revealed a cluster of risk-protective factors. Regarding the multiple regression findings, although enjoying watching MMA remained associated with positive attitudes toward violence and practicing fight moves remained associated with negative out-group orientation, the MMA items were not associated with unique variances of youth violence perpetration and victimization. Implications included the need for further research that includes other diverse samples, more comprehensive and objective MMA and violence measures, and observational and intervention longitudinal studies.

Marcadores de lesão renal após treino de karate

Asian J Sports Med. 2012 Mar;3(1):41-6.


The effect of exercise on urinary gamma-glutamyltransferase and protein levels in elite female karate athletes.

Shavandi N, Samiei A, Afshar R, Saremi A, Sheikhhoseini R.

Department of Sports Physiology, Arak University, Arak, Iran.

Abstract
PURPOSE: Post exercise proteinuria and increased urinary Gamma-Glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels can be indicative of exercise-induced renal damage. The aim of this investigation is to study the effect of one session of intensive training on renal damage markers and compare their values to those 6 hours after training.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study with pre- and post-test design, 10 elite volunteer female athletes were selected and participated in one training session (2 hours). Urine samples were collected before training, one hour after training, and 6 hours after training. Urinary protein (Pr), creatinine (Cr), and GGT values were measured through laboratory methods and then Pr/Cr and GGT/Cr ratios were computed.
RESULTS: There were significant differences between values of protein, GGT and Creatinine in the three sampling phases (P<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed between values for GGT/Cr and Pr/Cr ratio. There were significant differences between the mean values of Creatinine, protein and GGT within pre-exercise and 1 hour post-exercise and within 1 hour post-exercise and 6 hours post-exercise (P<0.05).
CONCLUSION: It seems that a session of karate training does not result in renal damage and athletes can continue training after 6 hours.