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São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Professor da EEFE-USP; Praticante e Pesquisador de Judô; Preparador físico de atletas de modalidades esportivas de combate.

Arquivo do blog

quinta-feira, 20 de janeiro de 2011

Perfil fisiológico de atletas de judô de elite

Sports Med. 2011 Feb 1;41(2):147-66. doi: 10.2165/11538580-000000000-00000.
Physiological profiles of elite judo athletes.
Franchini E, Del Vecchio FB, Matsushigue KA, Artioli GG.
Martial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of So Paulo, So Paulo, Brazil.

Abstract
To be successful in international competitions, judo athletes must achieve an excellent level of physical fitness and physical condition during training. This article reviews the physiological profiles of elite judo athletes from different sex, age and weight categories. Body fat is generally low for these athletes, except for the heavyweight competitors. In general, elite judo athletes presented higher upper body anaerobic power and capacity than non-elite athletes. Lower body dynamic strength seems to provide a distinction between elite and recreational judo players, but not high-level judo players competing for a spot on national teams. Even maximal isometric strength is not a discriminant variable among judo players. However, more studies focusing on isometric strength endurance are warranted. Although aerobic power and capacity are considered relevant to judo performance, the available data do not present differences among judo athletes from different competitive levels. Typical maximal oxygen uptake values are around 50-55 mL/kg/min for male and 40-45 mL/kg/min for female judo athletes. As for other variables, heavyweight competitors presented lower aerobic power values. The typical differences commonly observed between males and females in the general population are also seen in judo athletes when analysing anaerobic power and capacity, aerobic power, and maximal strength and power. However, further research is needed concerning the differences among the seven weight categories in which judo athletes compete.

Respostas físicas à luta de TKD

Vamos combinar que preensão manual no TKD não é muito relevante, mas a PPA resultante da luta é interessante.

J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Jan 12. [Epub ahead of print]

Effects of Official Taekwondo Competitions on All-Out Performances of Elite Athletes.
Chiodo S, Tessitore A, Cortis C, Lupo C, Ammendolia A, Iona T, Capranica L.
1Experimental and Clinical Medicine Department, University of Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy; 2Italian Taekwondo Federation, Rome, Italy; and 3Department of Human Movement and Sport Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Rome, Italy.

Abstract
Chiodo, S, Tessitore, A, Cortis, C, Lupo, C, Ammendolia, A, Iona, T, and Capranica, L. Effects of official Taekwondo competitions on all-out performances of elite athletes. J Strength Cond Res 25(x): 000-000, 2011-This study investigated physiological and performance aspects of 15 (4 women and 11 men) elite Taekwondo athletes (24.0 ± 5.7 years) during their National Championship. The load of the competition was evaluated by means of heart rate (HR) and blood lactate (La). Pre and postmatch countermovement jump (CMJ), and handgrip performances were compared (p < 0.05). The match imposed a high load (HR > 85% of individual HRmax = 92 ± 12%; La = 6.7 ± 2.5 mmol·L) on athletes. After the match, better (p < 0.0001) CMJ (men: 43.9 ± 5.2 cm; women: 30.8 ± 2.3 cm) and worst (p = 0.006) handgrip performances (men: 459 ± 87 N; women: 337 ± 70 N) were found with respect to prematch ones (CMJ: men = 40.8 ± 4.9 cm, women = 28.2 ± 2.5 cm; handgrip: men = 486 ± 88 N, women: 337 ± 70 N). Results indicate that the intermittent activity of the Taekwondo competition elicits a high neuromuscular activation of the lower limbs. Instead, the decreases in grip strength could be because of the repeated concussions on the upper limbs used to protect from the opponent's kicks and punches directed toward the scoring area of the torso. Practically, these results urge coaches to structure training sessions that enable athletes to maintain their upper limb strength during their match.

Treino de TKD e organização postural

Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011 Jan 11. [Epub ahead of print]

Low-level Taekwondo practitioners have better somatosensory organisation in standing balance than sedentary people.
Leong HT, Fu SN, Ng GY, Tsang WW.
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong (SAR), China.
Abstract
Sports training, especially for those requiring fast and skilled movements have been reported to improve one's postural control, but the underlying sensory integration mechanism is unknown. The purpose is to explore the sensory organisation strategies for maintaining standing balance in Taekwondo practitioners, and to examine the quasi-static and dynamic balance performance in subjects with and without TKD training. Case-control study was used as a study design. Eleven subjects with low level of Taekwondo training for 1-3 years, and eleven sedentary healthy subjects were assessed with the sensory organisation tests (SOT) under six visual and somatosensory input conditions and their balance upon landing from self- or operator-triggered drop test with the eyes closed condition. The SOT measured the equilibrium scores, whereas the drop test assessed the time to stabilisation (TTS), normalised peak force and distance of antero-posterior and medial-lateral centre of pressure on landing. Results for the SOT test revealed that Taekwondo subjects performed better during stance with eyes closed on a fixed support than the untrained group (p = 0.011). For the drop tests, the untrained group was slower in postural correction as revealed by the longer TTS than the Taekwondo group after the operator-triggered drops (p = 0.018). All subjects had a larger normalised peak force in operator-triggered than self-triggered drops. In conclusion, we observed that people with low-level Taekwondo training have better balance performance than untrained subjects as shown in the SOT results and shorter TTS with the drop test. They may rely more on the somatosensory and vestibular inputs for maintaining balance. People with balance problems may benefit from Taekwondo training.

Fatores físicos preditores de sucesso no wrestling

Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011 Jan 9. [Epub ahead of print]
Physical fitness factors to predict male Olympic wrestling performance.
García-Pallarés J, López-Gullón JM, Muriel X, Díaz A, Izquierdo M.
Exercise Physiology Laboratory at Toledo, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain, jesus.garcia.pallares@gmail.com.

Abstract
To determine differences in maximal strength and muscle power output of the arm and leg extensor muscles, peak and mean power during a modified standing crank-arm Wingate test, running speed, muscle extensibility, and anthropometric markers between elite and amateurs wrestlers according to the weight classes system; 92 male wrestlers were assigned into 6 groups according to their body mass (light, middle and heavy weight) and their competitive level (elite and amateur): Light Weight (body mass ranged between 55 and 68 kg) in elite (LW(E), n = 18) and amateur (LW(A), n = 15) level; Middle Weight (body mass ranged between 68 and 84 kg) in elite (MW(E), n = 18) and amateur (MW(A), n = 19) level; and Heavy Weight (body mass ranged between 84 and 100 kg) in elite (HW(E), n = 10) and amateur (HW(A), n = 12) level. Elite wrestlers were older (8-12%), had more training experience (25-37%), fat-free mass (3-5%), maximal strength in absolute and relative terms (8-25%), muscle power (14-30%), mean and peak power during crank-arm Wingate testing in absolute and relative terms (13-22%), jumping height (8-17%) as well as grip (6-19%) and back strength (7-20%) compared to amateur wrestlers. However, no differences were observed between elite and amateur groups in height, body mass index, percentage of body fat, hamstring extensibility and running speed. The present results suggest that the higher absolute and relative values of maximal strength, muscle power, and anaerobic metabolism, explained in part by the differences in lean mass and neural activation patterns, will give elite wrestlers a clear advantage during the most frequently used techniques in Olympic wrestling.

Uma abordagem ligeiramente diferente para tratar os dados por categoria pode ser vista em artigo com atletas de judô: